9+ Starbucks Doubleshot Energy Caffeine: Mg & More


9+ Starbucks Doubleshot Energy Caffeine: Mg & More

A Starbucks Doubleshot Power accommodates a major dose of caffeine, derived from espresso and guarana, designed to supply a lift of power. This beverage sometimes combines espresso, guarana, and B nutritional vitamins with milk and sweetener, providing a ready-to-drink power possibility.

Customers regularly search merchandise just like the Doubleshot Power to fight fatigue, improve focus, and enhance psychological alertness. The mixture of coffee-derived caffeine and guarana extract can present a extra sustained power raise in comparison with espresso alone. This attribute makes such drinks interesting to people with demanding schedules or these requiring an additional enhance for bodily or psychological efficiency. Traditionally, folks have sought methods to extend power ranges, starting from conventional cures to fashionable power drinks. Merchandise providing a mixed caffeine supply fulfill this want conveniently.

Understanding the caffeine content material and its potential results is crucial for knowledgeable consumption. Additional exploration will cowl advisable consumption tips, potential negative effects of excessive caffeine consumption, and comparisons with different caffeinated drinks. Further subjects will embody variations of the Doubleshot Power product line and shopper insights into its recognition.

1. Caffeine Quantity

The exact amount of caffeine inside a Starbucks Doubleshot Power drink is a vital issue influencing its results and suitability for particular person consumption. Understanding this quantity permits shoppers to make knowledgeable choices relating to consumption and handle potential well being implications.

  • Whole Caffeine Content material

    An ordinary 15-ounce can sometimes accommodates roughly 225mg of caffeine. This represents a considerable dose in comparison with different caffeinated drinks, comparable to a typical cup of espresso, which averages round 95mg. This larger focus contributes to the Doubleshot Power’s supposed impact as a potent power booster.

  • Sources of Caffeine

    The caffeine in a Doubleshot Power originates from two major sources: espresso and guarana. Whereas espresso offers the acquainted caffeine kick, guarana, a plant native to the Amazon basin, accommodates a type of caffeine that releases extra slowly into the bloodstream. This mixture goals to ship each an instantaneous power enhance and sustained alertness.

  • Variations in Caffeine Ranges

    Caffeine content material might differ barely relying on the particular product inside the Doubleshot Power line. Elements like taste variations or completely different can sizes can result in minor fluctuations within the complete caffeine quantity. Consulting product labels offers essentially the most correct info for a given selection.

  • Impression of Caffeine Quantity on the Physique

    The 225mg caffeine dose in a Doubleshot Power can produce vital physiological results. These can embody elevated alertness, improved focus, and elevated coronary heart price. Nonetheless, extreme consumption can even result in antagonistic results comparable to anxiousness, insomnia, and jitters. Particular person sensitivity to caffeine performs a vital function in figuring out the particular response.

Cautious consideration of the entire caffeine quantity in a Starbucks Doubleshot Power is crucial for accountable consumption. Evaluating this quantity to advisable every day consumption tips and understanding particular person caffeine tolerance permits shoppers to handle their consumption successfully and decrease potential well being dangers whereas optimizing the specified energy-boosting advantages.

2. Guarana Addition

Guarana’s presence considerably influences the general caffeine content material and impact profile of Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks. This addition shouldn’t be merely a supplementary supply of caffeine; it introduces a definite dynamic to the beverage’s energizing properties. Guarana, derived from the seeds of a South American plant, accommodates guaranine, a molecule chemically equivalent to caffeine however with a special launch mechanism inside the human physique.

Whereas espresso offers a comparatively speedy caffeine surge, guarana releases its caffeine extra steadily. This slower launch contributes to a protracted sense of alertness and sustained power enhance, contrasting with the sharper, shorter-lived results of espresso alone. This mixture inside the Doubleshot Power formulation goals to supply each an instantaneous kick and enduring focus. This attribute distinguishes it from drinks relying solely on coffee-derived caffeine. For instance, a shopper may discover the Doubleshot Power offers a smoother, extra sustained power raise all through a workday in comparison with a typical cup of espresso, which could result in a extra pronounced peak adopted by a faster decline in power ranges.

Understanding the function of guarana within the Doubleshot Power formulation permits shoppers to anticipate its results extra precisely. It additionally highlights the product’s technique for offering a balanced and extended power enhance, catering to these looking for sustained alertness slightly than a brief burst of power. Whereas the general caffeine content material stays a vital consideration, recognizing guarana’s distinct contribution offers a extra nuanced understanding of the beverage’s impression on power ranges and cognitive operate. This data empowers knowledgeable consumption decisions aligned with particular person wants and sensitivities.

3. Espresso Supply

The espresso utilized in Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks performs a vital function in figuring out the general caffeine content material and taste profile. Understanding the supply and kind of espresso beans offers precious context for evaluating the beverage’s potential results and evaluating it to different caffeinated choices. Espresso supply contributes considerably to the general expertise and impression of consuming a Doubleshot Power.

  • Bean Selection

    Starbucks sometimes employs Arabica beans in its merchandise, identified for his or her comparatively excessive caffeine content material and smoother, extra fragrant taste in comparison with different varieties like Robusta. The precise mix or roast employed can affect the ultimate caffeine focus within the Doubleshot Power formulation. Totally different roasts can have an effect on the caffeine ranges, with lighter roasts usually containing barely extra caffeine than darker roasts as a result of bean density modifications through the roasting course of.

  • Sourcing Practices

    Starbucks emphasizes moral sourcing practices, aiming to make sure the standard and sustainability of its espresso beans. Whereas these practices do not instantly impression the caffeine content material, they provide transparency and shopper confidence. Sustainably sourced beans may come from particular areas identified for producing espresso with specific taste profiles or caffeine ranges, not directly influencing the ultimate product.

  • Extraction Technique

    The strategy used to extract espresso for the Doubleshot Power, sometimes espresso, impacts the focus of caffeine within the last product. Espresso extraction usually yields the next caffeine focus per ounce in comparison with different brewing strategies like drip or French press. This concentrated espresso types the bottom of the Doubleshot Power’s caffeine content material.

  • Interplay with Different Elements

    The espresso interacts with different elements within the Doubleshot Power, comparable to guarana, milk, and sweeteners. These interactions can affect the general taste profile and doubtlessly modulate the perceived results of the caffeine. The precise espresso traits, comparable to acidity and physique, play a job in how these flavors mix and the way the caffeine interacts with different stimulants like guarana.

The espresso supply in a Starbucks Doubleshot Power represents a foundational part impacting the general caffeine expertise. From bean selection to extraction methodology, every stage contributes to the ultimate product’s caffeine ranges and taste profile. Understanding this connection permits for a extra knowledgeable evaluation of the beverage’s potential results and a extra complete comparability with different caffeinated choices. It reinforces the significance of contemplating the complete provide chain and formulation course of when evaluating a product just like the Doubleshot Power.

4. Can Dimension Variations

Can measurement variations instantly affect the entire caffeine content material in a Starbucks Doubleshot Power drink. Whereas the focus of caffeine per ounce stays comparatively constant, the general quantity of the beverage dictates absolutely the quantity of caffeine consumed. This relationship presents a vital consideration for shoppers looking for to handle their caffeine consumption successfully. A bigger can measurement inherently delivers a bigger dose of caffeine, doubtlessly exceeding advisable every day limits or particular person tolerance thresholds. Conversely, smaller can sizes provide a extra managed dose for these looking for a reasonable power enhance or adhering to stricter caffeine restrictions.

For example, a typical 15-ounce can of Doubleshot Power accommodates roughly 225mg of caffeine. A smaller, 12-ounce model would proportionally comprise much less caffeine, roughly 180mg. Understanding this scaling impact permits shoppers to pick out the suitable can measurement based mostly on their desired caffeine consumption and sensitivity. This turns into significantly related when evaluating the Doubleshot Power to different caffeinated drinks. A bigger can measurement may ship considerably extra caffeine than a typical cup of espresso, whereas a smaller can might provide a comparable and even decrease caffeine dose. This consciousness empowers shoppers to make knowledgeable decisions aligning with their power wants and caffeine preferences, enabling them to navigate the varied choices accessible inside the product line.

Cautious consideration of can measurement variations is crucial for accountable caffeine consumption. Deciding on the suitable quantity instantly impacts the entire caffeine ingested, influencing potential physiological results and general well being concerns. This understanding reinforces the significance of studying product labels and making knowledgeable decisions based mostly on particular person wants and tolerance ranges. Recognizing the direct correlation between can measurement and complete caffeine content material offers shoppers with the data essential to handle caffeine consumption successfully and optimize the specified advantages of the Doubleshot Power whereas minimizing potential dangers.

5. Potential Results

The potential results of consuming a Starbucks Doubleshot Power are instantly linked to its caffeine content material. The quantity of caffeine, derived from each espresso and guarana, influences the physiological and psychological responses skilled by the buyer. Understanding these potential results, each optimistic and detrimental, is essential for accountable consumption and managing potential well being implications. Particular person responses to caffeine differ considerably, influenced by components like tolerance, sensitivity, and general well being standing.

  • Elevated Alertness and Focus

    The first supposed impact of the Doubleshot Power is heightened alertness and improved focus. The caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, lowering fatigue and enhancing cognitive operate. This may be helpful for people requiring improved focus for duties like finding out, driving, or working. Nonetheless, extreme consumption can result in overstimulation and issue concentrating.

  • Elevated Coronary heart Fee and Blood Stress

    Caffeine can quickly enhance coronary heart price and blood stress. Whereas this impact is often delicate and transient, people with pre-existing cardiovascular circumstances ought to train warning and seek the advice of a healthcare skilled earlier than consuming drinks with excessive caffeine content material. Monitoring these important indicators after consumption can present insights into particular person responses.

  • Nervousness and Insomnia

    Consuming excessive doses of caffeine can set off anxiousness, restlessness, and issue sleeping. People vulnerable to anxiousness or insomnia ought to fastidiously think about their caffeine consumption and monitor their responses to caffeinated drinks. Limiting consumption to earlier within the day can assist mitigate sleep disturbances.

  • Power Crash and Withdrawal Signs

    Following the preliminary power enhance, a interval of fatigue or an “power crash” can happen because the caffeine wears off. Common excessive caffeine consumption can even result in withdrawal signs upon cessation, together with complications, fatigue, and irritability. Managing caffeine consumption and avoiding extreme consumption can decrease these detrimental penalties.

The potential results of a Starbucks Doubleshot Power prolong past the specified enhance in alertness and focus. The numerous caffeine content material can induce a variety of physiological and psychological responses, some helpful and others doubtlessly detrimental. Cautious consideration of those potential results, coupled with an understanding of particular person caffeine tolerance and sensitivity, is essential for accountable consumption. Moderation and consciousness are key to maximizing the specified advantages whereas mitigating potential dangers related to the excessive caffeine content material of this beverage.

6. Comparability

Evaluating the caffeine content material of a Starbucks Doubleshot Power with different widespread caffeinated drinks offers essential context for understanding its efficiency and potential results. This comparability permits shoppers to make knowledgeable decisions based mostly on their desired caffeine consumption and helps gauge the Doubleshot Power’s place inside the broader panorama of caffeinated choices. Analyzing a variety of drinks highlights the numerous caffeine ranges current within the Doubleshot Power.

  • Brewed Espresso

    A typical 8-ounce cup of brewed espresso accommodates roughly 95mg of caffeine. This means {that a} 15-ounce can of Doubleshot Power, containing round 225mg of caffeine, delivers over twice the caffeine of a typical espresso serving. This vital distinction underscores the potential for extra pronounced results from the Doubleshot Power.

  • Espresso

    A 1-ounce shot of espresso accommodates roughly 63mg of caffeine. Whereas espresso offers a concentrated caffeine supply, the entire quantity in a typical double shot (2 ounces) remains to be significantly decrease than that present in a Doubleshot Power. The Doubleshot Power sometimes accommodates the equal of a number of espresso photographs, additional highlighting its caffeine efficiency.

  • Power Drinks

    Different power drinks exhibit a variety of caffeine content material. Some comprise much less caffeine than the Doubleshot Power, whereas others comprise comparable and even larger quantities. Evaluating caffeine ranges throughout completely different power drink manufacturers helps shoppers determine merchandise aligned with their desired consumption and tolerance. This comparability reveals that the Doubleshot Power falls inside the larger vary of caffeine content material amongst power drinks.

  • Tea

    Tea usually accommodates much less caffeine than espresso. An 8-ounce cup of black tea averages round 47mg of caffeine, considerably lower than the Doubleshot Power. Even specialty teas with larger caffeine ranges hardly ever method the focus present in a Doubleshot Power. This comparability underscores the considerably larger caffeine content material of the Doubleshot Power in comparison with conventional tea drinks.

Positioning the Starbucks Doubleshot Power inside the context of different caffeinated drinks clarifies its excessive caffeine content material. This comparability empowers shoppers to make knowledgeable choices about their caffeine consumption and choose drinks aligned with their desired results and tolerance ranges. Recognizing the substantial distinction in caffeine content material between a Doubleshot Power and different widespread drinks highlights the significance of reasonable consumption and consciousness of potential results.

7. Really helpful Consumption

Really helpful caffeine consumption offers a vital framework for contextualizing the caffeine content material of a Starbucks Doubleshot Power. Understanding normal tips for wholesome caffeine consumption permits people to evaluate the implications of consuming a beverage with a considerable caffeine load just like the Doubleshot Power. This data empowers knowledgeable decision-making relating to consumption frequency and potential well being concerns.

  • Normal Pointers for Wholesome Adults

    Well being authorities usually suggest a most of 400mg of caffeine per day for wholesome adults. A single 15-ounce can of Starbucks Doubleshot Power accommodates roughly 225mg of caffeine, representing over half of this advisable every day restrict. This highlights the significance of moderating consumption and contemplating different sources of caffeine consumed all through the day. Exceeding the advisable restrict can enhance the chance of antagonistic results comparable to anxiousness, insomnia, and cardiovascular points.

  • Concerns for Particular Populations

    Pregnant or breastfeeding people, kids, and adolescents are suggested to devour considerably decrease quantities of caffeine. The excessive caffeine content material of a Doubleshot Power makes it usually unsuitable for these populations. Particular suggestions differ, however warning and session with healthcare professionals are suggested. The potential impression of caffeine on fetal growth and youngsters’s well being necessitates stricter limitations.

  • Particular person Tolerance and Sensitivity

    Even inside the advisable limits, particular person responses to caffeine differ significantly. Some people are extra delicate to caffeine’s results than others, experiencing antagonistic results at decrease doses. Private tolerance ranges affect the suitable consumption quantity of a Doubleshot Power. Self-monitoring for signs like anxiousness, jitters, or insomnia is crucial to find out particular person limits and alter consumption accordingly.

  • Impression of Mixed Caffeine Sources

    The Doubleshot Power accommodates caffeine from each espresso and guarana. Whereas the entire caffeine content material is the first consideration, the mixed results of those sources needs to be acknowledged. Guarana’s slower launch of caffeine can contribute to a protracted impact, doubtlessly influencing particular person sensitivity and the period of skilled results. Contemplating the mixed impression offers a extra complete understanding of the beverage’s general impact.

Really helpful caffeine consumption tips present a precious benchmark for evaluating the caffeine content material of a Starbucks Doubleshot Power. Consuming this beverage inside the context of advisable limits and particular person tolerance ranges promotes accountable consumption and minimizes potential well being dangers. Understanding these tips empowers people to make knowledgeable decisions about their caffeine consumption and handle potential results successfully.

8. Particular person Tolerance

Particular person tolerance to caffeine performs a vital function in figuring out the consequences of consuming a Starbucks Doubleshot Power. The identical dose of caffeine can produce vastly completely different responses in several people. Elements influencing caffeine tolerance embody genetics, metabolism, physique mass, common caffeine consumption, and sure drugs. These components affect how quickly the physique metabolizes and eliminates caffeine, affecting each the depth and period of its results.

One particular person may expertise heightened alertness and improved focus after consuming a Doubleshot Power, whereas one other may expertise anxiousness, jitters, or insomnia. Somebody who usually consumes excessive quantities of caffeine is prone to have developed the next tolerance, requiring extra caffeine to expertise the identical results in comparison with somebody who hardly ever consumes caffeine. Understanding particular person tolerance is crucial for managing caffeine consumption and avoiding antagonistic results. For instance, somebody conscious of their decrease tolerance may select a smaller can measurement or devour the beverage much less regularly to handle potential detrimental penalties.

Disregarding particular person tolerance can result in unintended well being penalties. Usually exceeding one’s tolerance stage can lead to persistent anxiousness, sleep disturbances, and cardiovascular points. Conversely, respecting particular person limits permits people to optimize the potential advantages of caffeine, like enhanced focus and power, with out experiencing detrimental negative effects. Recognizing particular person variability in caffeine response underscores the significance of accountable consumption and self-monitoring. It emphasizes the necessity to alter caffeine consumption based mostly on private expertise and keep away from relying solely on normal suggestions. Particular person tolerance serves as a vital consider figuring out the suitable quantity of caffeine from a Starbucks Doubleshot Power or every other caffeinated supply.

9. Well being Concerns

Well being concerns are paramount when evaluating the implications of consuming a Starbucks Doubleshot Power as a result of its substantial caffeine content material. The quantity of caffeine in these drinks necessitates cautious consideration of potential impacts on varied elements of well being, significantly for people with pre-existing circumstances or particular sensitivities. The interaction between caffeine consumption and particular person well being standing dictates the potential advantages and dangers related to consuming such a beverage. Understanding this dynamic permits for knowledgeable decision-making and accountable consumption practices.

A number of key well being concerns come up in regards to the caffeine ranges in a Doubleshot Power. Cardiovascular well being is a major concern, as caffeine can elevate coronary heart price and blood stress. People with pre-existing coronary heart circumstances or hypertension ought to train warning and seek the advice of healthcare professionals earlier than consuming these drinks. Moreover, caffeine can exacerbate anxiousness and disrupt sleep patterns. These vulnerable to anxiousness or insomnia ought to fastidiously monitor their consumption and observe their responses. Extreme caffeine consumption can even result in dependence and withdrawal signs upon cessation, together with complications, fatigue, and irritability. Pregnant and breastfeeding people are suggested to restrict caffeine consumption as a result of potential dangers to fetal growth and toddler well being. Equally, kids and adolescents ought to keep away from excessive caffeine consumption as a result of potential impacts on their growing nervous techniques.

Take into account the case of a person with undiagnosed hypertension. Common consumption of high-caffeine drinks just like the Doubleshot Power might unknowingly exacerbate their situation, doubtlessly resulting in extra severe cardiovascular problems. Conversely, a wholesome grownup who screens their caffeine consumption and stays inside advisable limits may expertise the specified advantages of elevated alertness and focus with out vital antagonistic results. Understanding the interaction between caffeine ranges, particular person well being circumstances, and potential outcomes permits for knowledgeable and accountable consumption decisions. Sensible utility of this understanding contains monitoring caffeine consumption from all sources, consulting healthcare professionals for customized recommendation, and being conscious of particular person responses to caffeine. Efficiently navigating these concerns empowers people to harness the potential advantages of caffeinated drinks just like the Doubleshot Power whereas mitigating potential well being dangers.

Often Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to the caffeine content material and potential results of Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks. Readability on these factors promotes knowledgeable consumption and helps people make decisions aligned with their wants and well being concerns.

Query 1: How does the caffeine content material of a Doubleshot Power examine to a daily cup of espresso?

A 15-ounce can of Doubleshot Power accommodates roughly 225mg of caffeine, considerably greater than the common 95mg present in an 8-ounce cup of brewed espresso.

Query 2: What’s the supply of the caffeine in Doubleshot Power drinks?

Caffeine is derived from each espresso and guarana. Espresso offers an instantaneous caffeine enhance, whereas guarana contributes to a extra sustained launch of power.

Query 3: Are there completely different caffeine ranges in varied Doubleshot Power flavors?

Whereas minor variations can happen, the caffeine content material stays comparatively constant throughout completely different flavors. Checking the product label offers essentially the most correct info for a selected product.

Query 4: What are the potential well being implications of consuming excessive ranges of caffeine?

Extreme caffeine consumption can result in anxiousness, insomnia, elevated coronary heart price, and digestive points. People with sure well being circumstances ought to train warning and seek the advice of healthcare professionals.

Query 5: How does guarana affect the consequences of the caffeine in Doubleshot Power?

Guarana offers a slower launch of caffeine in comparison with espresso, contributing to a extra extended and sustained power enhance slightly than a pointy peak and decline.

Query 6: Are there any advisable every day limits for caffeine consumption?

Well being authorities usually suggest a most of 400mg of caffeine per day for wholesome adults. Consuming a Doubleshot Power represents a good portion of this restrict, necessitating conscious consumption of different caffeinated drinks.

Understanding the caffeine content material and potential results empowers shoppers to make knowledgeable decisions about Doubleshot Power consumption. Accountable consumption entails contemplating particular person tolerance, well being circumstances, and advisable every day limits.

This info offers a complete overview of the caffeine-related elements of Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks. Further sections will discover different elements, taste profiles, shopper opinions, and comparisons with competing merchandise.

Ideas for Managing Caffeine Consumption from Starbucks Doubleshot Power

Given the substantial caffeine content material in Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks, managing consumption responsibly is essential for maximizing advantages and minimizing potential antagonistic results. The next suggestions present sensible steering for navigating consumption successfully.

Tip 1: Average Consumption: Restrict Doubleshot Power consumption to keep away from exceeding advisable every day caffeine limits (400mg for wholesome adults). Acknowledge {that a} single can represents over half of this allowance.

Tip 2: Take into account Particular person Tolerance: Private caffeine sensitivity varies. Start with smaller can sizes or devour parts to evaluate particular person responses. Modify consumption based mostly on skilled results.

Tip 3: Keep away from Consumption Close to Bedtime: Caffeine can disrupt sleep. Keep away from consuming Doubleshot Power within the hours main as much as sleep to reduce insomnia and guarantee sufficient relaxation.

Tip 4: Monitor Total Caffeine Consumption: Account for caffeine from all sources, together with espresso, tea, soda, and chocolate. Combining a Doubleshot Power with different caffeinated merchandise can shortly exceed advisable limits.

Tip 5: Keep Hydrated: Caffeine can have diuretic results. Eat sufficient water alongside Doubleshot Power to keep up correct hydration.

Tip 6: Seek the advice of Healthcare Professionals: People with pre-existing well being circumstances, comparable to coronary heart points or anxiousness, ought to seek the advice of healthcare professionals earlier than consuming high-caffeine drinks just like the Doubleshot Power.

Tip 7: Acknowledge and Tackle Potential Facet Results: If experiencing antagonistic results like anxiousness, jitters, or insomnia, scale back or discontinue consumption and seek the advice of a healthcare skilled if essential.

Tip 8: Discover Options for Sustained Power: Take into account different methods for managing power ranges, comparable to common train, balanced vitamin, sufficient sleep, and stress administration strategies. These practices can contribute to long-term well-being and scale back reliance on caffeinated drinks.

By following the following pointers, people can combine Starbucks Doubleshot Power into their routines responsibly, optimizing potential advantages whereas mitigating potential dangers related to its excessive caffeine content material.

This steering units the stage for the concluding part, which can summarize key takeaways relating to caffeine content material, potential results, and techniques for accountable consumption of Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks.

Understanding Caffeine in Starbucks Doubleshot Power

Exploration of Starbucks Doubleshot Power drinks reveals a major caffeine content material, averaging 225mg per 15-ounce can. Derived from each espresso and guarana, this caffeine stage considerably exceeds that of a typical cup of espresso. Guarana’s inclusion introduces a protracted launch mechanism, contributing to sustained power. Nonetheless, this excessive caffeine focus necessitates cautious consideration of potential results, together with elevated alertness, elevated coronary heart price, and potential anxiousness or insomnia. Really helpful every day caffeine limits and particular person tolerance ranges are essential components in accountable consumption. Comparisons with different caffeinated drinks additional contextualize the Doubleshot Power’s efficiency. Variations in can measurement instantly affect complete caffeine consumption, providing choices for managing consumption. Understanding the interaction between caffeine content material, particular person responses, and potential well being concerns permits for knowledgeable decision-making and hurt discount.

Finally, accountable consumption hinges on consciousness. Recognizing the substantial caffeine content material inside Starbucks Doubleshot Power empowers knowledgeable decisions aligned with particular person wants and well being circumstances. Integrating this consciousness with sensible methods, comparable to moderation and self-monitoring, permits shoppers to navigate the potential advantages and dangers successfully. Additional analysis exploring long-term results of mixed caffeine sources like espresso and guarana warrants consideration. This data base fosters a balanced perspective on the function of such drinks in selling alertness and productiveness.